Mu gihe ibikorwa byo kwagura ibikorwa remezo by’Ubushinwa bikomeje kwaguka, icyifuzo cy’imashini zubaka cyakomeje kwiyongera mu myaka icumi ishize.Ubushinwa bwabaye isoko rinini ku isi ry’imashini n’ibikoresho byubaka, kandi kugurisha no gutunga ibikoresho biza ku mwanya wa mbere ku isi.Dukurikije imibare y’ishyirahamwe ry’inganda z’ubwubatsi mu Bushinwa, mu mpera za 2017, umubare w’ibicuruzwa nyamukuru by’imashini zubaka mu Bushinwa wari hafi miliyoni 6.9 kugeza kuri miliyoni 7.47, kugeza na n'ubu uracyiyongera.Iterambere ryiterambere ryerekanwe mubishusho 1 (ubarwa nagaciro kagereranijwe)
Igishushanyo 1: Ibikoresho byubushinwa byubaka ibikoresho (10000)
Mu myaka yashize, isoko ryo kugurisha ibikoresho ryarakomeye cyane, ryatumye abakora ibikoresho nabakozi muri rusange bibanda ku kugurisha na bike kuri serivisi, kandi bakumva ko bigoye kubona amafaranga muri serivisi zita ku kubungabunga.Muri icyo gihe, abakora ibicuruzwa byemerera gusa abakozi gucuruza ibice byumwimerere, kandi ntibemerewe gukora ubucuruzi bwibice bito bito, nabyo bizana amahirwe meza yiterambere kububiko bwibice.Abakozi baha abakiriya gusa guhitamo ibice byumwimerere, bivuze ko nta mahitamo bafite.Kugabanuka kw'isoko bituma abakoresha badashobora kwihanganira ibice byumwimerere bihenze.Abakoresha benshi kandi benshi batangira gukoresha ibice by-uruganda, kandi abarenga 80% byabakoresha Kugura ibikoresho byabigenewe nyuma yigihe cyubwishingizi kirangiye, "Made in China" ituma ibice byimbere mu gihugu bishyigikira inganda zimera nkibihumyo nyuma yimvura, ubwiza nibwinshi kandi byizewe, kandi ikiguzi kigenda kigabanuka no hasi, nacyo gitanga amahirwe menshi yiterambere kububiko bwibice.Turashobora kuvuga ko iterambere ryibice byunganira hamwe nububiko bwibikoresho byafashije abakiriya benshi mugihe kigoye cyinganda.
Ibikoresho binini byazanye miliyari amagana y'ibice na serivisi nyuma yinyuma.Abakora n'abakozi bamenye akamaro k'inyuma.Iterambere rya interineti naryo ryazanye amahirwe mashya kumurongo wanyuma.Urubuga rwa interineti narwo rugenda rugaragara nyuma yandi, kandi amarushanwa muri nyuma yanyuma azaba akomeye, yose azazana imbogamizi nshya mugutezimbere ububiko bwibikoresho.Niki kizaza mububiko bwibikoresho?Benshi mubafite ububiko bwibikoresho bafite gushidikanya kuriyi.Umwanditsi agerageza kuvuga kubitekerezo bye muburyo butatu.
1. Ububiko bwibice bugomba gutera imbere mu cyerekezo cyikirango kandi cyiza
Igihe cyose umuntu avuze ububiko bwibikoresho, umuntu abihuza na "mama na pop iduka" n "ibice byiganano".Nukuri ko amaduka menshi yibikoresho byateye imbere muburyo bwamaduka ya mama na pop, kandi ubwiza bwibice batangiye gukora ntabwo bwizewe, ariko ibyo byari bimaze kuba kalendari ishaje.
Igishushanyo 2: Impinduka mubikoresho byububiko
Ibicuruzwa byuyu munsi bikora byinshi kandi byinshi mu gihugu no hanze y’ibicuruzwa (Ishusho 2).Ubwiza nigiciro cyibicuruzwa birashobora guhuza ibyo abakiriya bakeneye mubyiciro bitandukanye.Ibice byinshi biragereranywa nibice byumwimerere, ariko ibiciro birarushanwa..Ububiko bwibice hamwe nabakozi bafite moderi zitandukanye.Abagabura bafite ibikoresho byinshi bitandukanye, kandi hariho ibihumbi byubwoko bwibice.Nyamara, ububiko bwibice bukora gusa ubwoko bwibicuruzwa ukurikije inyungu zabo bwite, kandi hariho ubwoko bwibice byinshi.Ibyiza byibicuruzwa, ibyiza byicyiciro, Ibirango byinshi hamwe nubworoherane bwibiciro bituma ububiko bwibikoresho byuzuza neza ibyo abakiriya bakeneye, kandi igipimo cyibicuruzwa kiri hejuru;icyarimwe, amaduka menshi yububiko aherereye mumihanda y'ibikoresho cyangwa mumujyi wa electronique.Biroroshye guha abakiriya serivise imwe kugirango bahuze ibyifuzo bitandukanye byabakoresha kubice.
Mu bihe biri imbere, amaduka y’ibikoresho hamwe n’amashyirahamwe y’ibikoresho agomba guteza imbere cyane ibicuruzwa byabo, kugirango amaduka y’ibikoresho ashobore gushushanya rwose umurongo ugaragara hamwe n’ibice by’impimbano kandi bitemewe, kugira ngo yizere ikizere cy’abakiriya benshi kandi atsindire umugabane munini ku isoko.Ishyirahamwe ryibikoresho bigomba kandi gushyigikira byimazeyo gucunga neza no gukuraho isoko ryibice byiganano, bizangiza gusa ububiko bwibikoresho.Guangzhou ni ikigo gikwirakwiza isoko ry’imashini zubaka mu Bushinwa."Guangzhou ni ibikoresho by'igihugu, kandi ibikoresho bya Guangzhou ni Umudugudu wa Pearl."Buri mwaka, miliyari icumi z'ibikoresho bigurishwa kuva Guangzhou kugera mu bice byose by'igihugu, ndetse byoherezwa mu mpande zose z'isi.Isoko ryibicuruzwa bya Guangzhou byahindutse ikarita yubucuruzi yisoko ryimashini zubaka zubushinwa.Ingaruka yiki kirango biterwa nubwiza nigiciro cyibiciro byibice, bikwiye kwigira kububiko bwibicuruzwa byabigenewe mu zindi ntara.
2. Ububiko bwibice bukeneye guhinduka muburyo bwa digitale no kuzamura imiyoborere
Umwanditsi yize kandi agereranya amakuru yimashini 50 zambere zubaka kwisi, maze abona ibisubizo bishimishije: kuva 2012 kugeza 2016, Ubushinwa bwari muri 50 ba mbere, kandi ibipimo ngenderwaho nkumubare wibigo biri kurutonde, byose hamwe umutungo, abakozi bose hamwe no kugurisha Shangjun iri mu myanya itatu ya mbere, ariko iri mu myanya itatu ya mbere ukurikije ibipimo ngenderwaho nko kugurisha umuturage, inyungu y’inyungu no kugaruka ku mutungo!Ibi birasa nkaho ibintu byifashe mubigo byabashinwa muri Fortune 500 muri 2018: Amasosiyete 120 y abashinwa yinjiye muri 500 yambere kwisi, akaza kumwanya wambere mumibare nubunini bwibigo biri kurutonde, ariko kumwanya wurutonde ukurikije yinyungu, kugaruka kubicuruzwa no kugaruka kumigabane igabanuka uko umwaka utashye.Kurushanwa mu bucuruzi bigaragarira cyane cyane mu mikorere y'ibikorwa.Nyuma yuko uruganda rumaze igihe cyiterambere ryihuse, niba rutitaye no kunoza imikorere yarwo, biragoye kujya kure twishingikiriza gusa kumajyambere yagutse, tutibagiwe nububiko bumaze ibinyejana byinshi., Ububiko bwimashini zubaka ububiko burimo guhura nibibazo nkibi.
Mubihe byashize, ububiko bwibice bwayoboye ibice ubucuruzi bwibikorwa byinshi, bifasha abakoresha kugabanya amafaranga yo kubungabunga.Mu marushanwa hamwe nabakozi, ububiko bwibice bwerekanye ibyiza byo gukora ibiciro no guhinduka.Nubwo, nubwo ibice byinshi byububiko bikora neza, imiyoborere yabo irasubira inyuma cyane.Kubika ibitabo no kubika ibicuruzwa bidasanzwe ntabwo bizagira ingaruka nyinshi mugihe igipimo ari gito..Iyo amakuru y'ibarura asabwa, ntabwo aboneka, kandi niyo amakuru yabonetse, ubunyangamugayo ni bubi.Nta makuru yububiko bwa elegitoronike, kandi buri kintu kigomba gufungwa iminsi myinshi.Ugomba kumenya ko isosiyete nini nka Walmart itigeze ifungwa kubarwa!Urwego rwo kuyobora nurufunguzo.Binyuze muri sisitemu nka SAP, amakonte nibintu bifatika birashobora kubikwa igihe cyose.
Amaduka menshi yibice aracyakoresha imicungire yimpapuro, adafite sisitemu yo gutanga inyemezabuguzi hamwe namakuru ya elegitoroniki, kandi dushingiye gusa ku makuru ya elegitoronike dushobora kubona ubushishozi kubyo abakiriya bakeneye, ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro burashobora kudufasha kwisoko neza, kandi gukoresha amakuru manini nabyo birashobora gufasha ibikoresho byububiko bitegura gahunda, igihe, nangahe yo kuzigama.Kurugero, niba ibice byuhererekanya byumukozi cyangwa ububiko bwibikoresho bingana na 25% yumubare wuzuye, ikoreshwa ryamakuru makuru rishobora kugabanya umubare wibarura hafi 70%.Gucunga ibarura rya siyansi bitezimbere cyane igipimo cyo gukoresha amafaranga ninyungu zishoramari.Igipimo.Kubwibyo, ububiko bwibice bikenera guhinduka muburyo bwa digitale no kuzamura imiyoborere, kandi intambwe yambere muguhinduka ni EDI (Ikoreshwa rya elegitoroniki ya elegitoronike), kugirango umuyobozi ashobore kumenya neza imikorere yububiko bwibicuruzwa, konti zishobora kwishyurwa, kugurisha ibicuruzwa no kugurisha amafaranga..Nta na kimwe muri ibyo cyashoboka nta makuru ya elegitoroniki.
Kugeza ubu, nubwo amaduka menshi yibice agikora amafaranga, inyungu zabo ziragabanuka.Abayobozi benshi ntibumva imicungire y’ibicuruzwa byabigenewe, biganisha ku kwiyongera kw’ibarura, kugabanuka kw'ibicuruzwa, no kugabanuka kw'inyungu.Amafaranga menshi yinjijwe nububiko bwibicuruzwa byahindutse kubarura no kubishyira mububiko.Igihe kinini cyo gukora, niko kubara ibintu bitinda.Isuri yinyungu yububiko bwibikoresho buri mwaka.Icyiciro cyiterambere ryinshi ryinganda cyarangiye.Gukomeza gukora ukurikije icyitegererezo cyumwimerere ntibishobora kubona amafaranga.Mugihe kizaza, ubuyobozi bunonosoye burasabwa kubona inyungu nyinshi hamwe nigishoro gito.
Nka nyiri ububiko bwibikoresho, ugomba guhanga amaso kubarura kuko amafaranga yawe arahari!Gerageza rero gusubiza ibibazo bikurikira: Umubare wububiko bingana iki mububiko bwawe?ROI niyihe?Nibihe bingana iki ibice byabigenewe byerekana ibicuruzwa byinjira?Nibihe mububiko bwawe bwiza nibibi?Nibangahe kubarura ubunebwe?Ni ubuhe bwoko bwibice byihuta, biciriritse kandi buhoro buhoro biri mububiko?Ni ubuhe buryo butandukanye bwo kubara kubintu bitandukanye?Waba uzi uburyo bihenze gutwara ibikoresho byabigenewe?Niba udashobora gusubiza neza ibi bibazo, nigute ushobora kuyobora ibarura ryawe?
3. Amaduka y'ibikoresho agomba kwakira interineti kugirango abone abakiriya benshi
Hamwe niterambere rya interineti, interineti yibintu namakuru makuru manini, moderi ya interineti ifite imikorere myiza ninyungu zoguhuza abakiriya.Muri iki gihe, ububiko bwibikoresho nabyo bigomba guhinduka kuri enterineti.Nubwo waba ufite impungenge ko interineti ishobora kwiba abakiriya bawe no kugabanya inyungu yibikoresho, ntushobora guhagarika iterambere ryurubuga rwa interineti.Ntawahakana ko uburyo bwinshi bwo kugura abakiriya no kwamamaza ibicuruzwa bya interineti nabyo bishobora kwigishwa no gukoreshwa nububiko bwibikoresho, bizadufasha kubona abakiriya benshi.Tugomba kubona ko ibisabwa kubice na serivisi bisaba igihe cyihuse.Nta ruganda cyangwa urubuga rwa interineti rushobora kwigenga rwubaka ububiko nk'ubwo, ububiko n'ibikoresho byo gukwirakwiza ibyo abakiriya bakeneye.Igisubizo cyonyine ni uguhuza, abakiriya, abatekinisiye (ibikapu), amaduka yo gusana, ububiko bwibice, abakozi nabatanga ibice bigize urubuga rwo gusaranganya imashini zubaka.Abakiriya barashobora kubona ibice byabo byihutirwa babinyujije kuri terefone zabo zigendanwa aho ariho hose, kandi ububiko bwibice hafi ye bizamubera isoko.Internet ntabwo ishyiraho monopole, ahubwo ni ugutanga agaciro, korohereza abakoresha, no kwemerera ububiko bwibikoresho kongera ubucuruzi bwabo no kubona abakiriya benshi.Ngiyo "Moderi ya enterineti" yubucuruzi bwibikoresho bizaza.
Ibikoresho binini byerekana imashini zubaka mu Bushinwa ni ikirombe cya zahabu nyuma y’isoko.Ubushobozi bwibice nyuma yinyuma yubucukuzi bwonyine burenga miliyari 100.Ibihumbi n'ibihumbi by'amaduka n'ibicuruzwa birashobora guha abakiriya ibicuruzwa byihuse, kandi ububiko bwibice byegereye isoko., hafi yumukoresha, ejo hazaza haracyatanga ikizere.Nyamara, igipimo cyibicuruzwa byibicuruzwa byinshi byikubye inshuro 2 kugeza kuri 3 gusa kumwaka, naho igipimo cyo kubara gitinda kiri hejuru ya 30% kugeza 50%.Mu yandi magambo, miliyari icumi z’ibicuruzwa bitinda byegeranijwe mu bubiko bw’abacuruzi no mu bubiko bw’ibice, ibyo bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku gutembera kwabo n’inyungu no kongera ingaruka z’ibarura.Interineti irashobora gufasha abakozi nububiko bwibice guhuza ibicuruzwa no kunoza imikorere.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-08-2023